Antimicrobial Agents in Healthcare
Synopsis
The increasing resistance of microorganisms highlights the need for new antimicrobial agents in healthcare, particularly for preventing infections on medical surfaces and implants. Promising approaches include quaternary ammonium compounds, chitosan, and graphene. Quaternary ammonium compounds are effective against a wide range of bacteria and viruses; however, their synthetic nature and environmental impact pose limitations, as well as the risk of developing resistance. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer with biocompatibility, antiviral, and antifungal properties; however, its poor solubility limits its use, necessitating chemical modifications. Graphene and its derivatives exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, large surface area, and antimicrobial activity, enabling effective prevention of biofilm formation, although their efficacy depends on specific usage conditions. Combining these materials with advanced technologies opens opportunities for developing smart, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly antimicrobial solutions that can complement or replace conventional antibiotics. Further research is essential to enhance efficacy, reduce toxicity, and increase practical applicability in clinical practice.
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