Improving Mammographic Image Quality Through Optimized Breast Compression and Patient Comfort

Mammography remains the cornerstone of breast cancer screening and early diagnosis, with image quality and diagnostic accuracy closely dependent on both anatomical and technical factors. Breast compression is a fundamental component of mammographic imaging, as it reduces breast thickness, minimizes tissue overlap, decreases scattered radiation, and enables optimization of radiation dose. Key technical parameters—including compression force and pressure, compressed breast thickness, compression duration, and compression plate characteristics—interact to influence image quality, radiation exposure, and patient experience. Although adequate compression improves contrast and lesion detectability, it may also cause discomfort or pain, potentially affecting patient compliance with screening programs. Patient-related factors, breast density, tissue elasticity, and communication by healthcare professionals further modulate pain perception. The use of lowenergy X-ray spectra is essential for achieving high soft-tissue contrast in mammography but requires careful optimization in conjunction with effective breast compression. This review highlights the importance of balancing technical performance and patient comfort to ensure optimal diagnostic outcomes and sustained participation in breast cancer screening.