Struktura govorne fluentnosti

Iako čovjek nastoji proizvesti idealan govor, složeni mehanizmi njegove proizvodnje (konceptualni, jezični i artikulacijski) djeluju tako da se u govoru pojavljuju različiti prekidi govora izraženi kao disfluentnosti (prazne stanke, pune stanke, krivi početak, ponavljanje, poštapalica, udasi i izdasi). U ovom je istraživanju 18 studenata fonetike na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu spontano 1 minutu govorilo o svojem djetinjstvu te je njihov snimljen govor analiziran i anotiran u programu Praat. Analiza je pokazala da se ispitanici mogu svrstati u dvije kategorije, spori i brzi, da je ta razlika statistički značajna (hi-kvadrat test p = 0.00) te da toj razlici najviše doprinose broj /hm/ pojavnica (spori 81 – brzi 48) i broj disfluentnosti (spori 352 – brzi 296), broj slogova u disfluentnom govoru (spori 352 – brzi 296), prosječno trajanje disfluentnog govora (spori 0.491 – brzi 0.445), tempo artikulacije (spori 5,38 slog/s – 6,04 slog/s). Neočekivano, nema razlike u prosječnom trajanju slogova poslije artikulacije /hm/ (spori 4,56 slog/s – brzi 4,47 slog/s). Istraživanje je pokazalo koje varijable utječu na strukturu fluentnosti u govoru te otvorilo neka pitanja za daljnja istraživanja ove karakteristike govora.

Though the speaker aims to produce ideal speech, the complex mechanisms of its production (conceptual, linguistic and articulatory) operate in such a way that different breaks of speech emerge expressed as disfluencies (empty pauses, full pauses, erroneous beginnings, repetitions, small words, inspirations and expirations). In this research 18 students of phonetics at the Faculty of Philosophy University of Zagreb spontaneously spoke about their childhood for one minute, and their speech was recorded, analyzed and annotated in speech program Praat. The analyses showed that the subjects can be classified in two categories; slow and fast and that the difference was statistically significant (chi-square test p = 0,00). The difference is realized by the number of used /hm/ (slow 81 – fast 48), number of disfluencies (slow 352 – fast 296), number of syllables in disfluent speech (slow 352 – fast 296), average duration of syllables in disfluent speech (slow 0.491 – fast 0.445s), and speech rate (slow 5,38 syl/s – fast 6,04 syl/s). The research showed that the speech after articulation of /hm/ is not becoming faster (slow 4,56 syl/s – fast 4.47 syl/s). Generally, the research showed which variables most affect the structure of fluency in speech and opened some questions for future research of this speech characteristic.